For normal http access, multiple domains can use the same IP as long as they have valid A-records so clients can find them.
https using a SSL certificate only allows one site per IP, to have multiple sites supporting https you need an IP for each one.
Other services usually go by IP and port as well- for instance an IRCd running on one IP will always answer requests to that IP and port regardless of what DNS lookups were performed to direct clients to it. These may need separate IPs if you have to have multiple instances, although you can run more than one by putting the different instances on different ports.






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